Wednesday 24th November

Values and Tastes- How do we form these?


Jack Vectoriano:
his work is the most purchased pieces in Britain, there are no critical claims against him and his work is not necessarily seen as 'good'


Is 'Art' different from 'Fashion'?


Criteria for being 'better', 'best' or 'good'? Developing ideas what does that mean.
Academic study (top-up year) theory: Talk from an intelligent background and be more informed




History of the development of art:


Ancient Egypt, 3000-1000BC 
Until 1900 all artist weren't split into there specific backgrounds they where just 'artists'
Renaissance 1420AD-1525AD, Rebirth, Weston World seen 'Man' as being able to affect and order the world through differences in art.
Continual contested of pieces of art


1420-1525AD First example of a person in a piece of work wasn't seen be to relevant to put yourself in the piece


Romanticism 1800
Battling nature, the idea of evolution, sub line landscape


Realism:
shocking and offencive
insulting of my taste, there's no 'skill'
No power/money why are these people there, they are not important.
New ways of depicting things and understanding things
Reality!!


Postmodernism:
Martin Creed, his work shows taste, he is liked and well respected
In one exhibition he was scandalous
Payed to have lights turned on and off in the gallery, The public didn't really see the point in it although he was considering everything you see feel, touch, smell ect.  Activated the whole space, he used this space in a very simple way. Offended people as they though this wasn't real art
He did a video where he payed people to walk onto a stage and be sick this was seen to take up a whole area not just a pretty picture in a frame but using all the space. He is interested in what an artist actually is, vomiting is some sort of expression instead of on a canvas


Postmodernism- what happen just before now.


Damion Hearse
'Being good at crafts skills is what an artist is. There are different understandings of what an artist is/does'


Paying some crafts people to create work, so is this classed as being manufactured or even fraudulent? Manufacturing art work..


Prior to the Renaissance-been commissioned to depict religion, morals and themes ect. The person was not considered to be a subject to be in isolation


Playing the Elder AD77
'Natural History' was shown what they should be like Artists somehow contributed to society not just manufacturing work.


Lorenzo Ghiberti:
separated into a sculpture, goldsmith and an architect. First artist to write an autobiography 1450s
Marked his spot as a unique status. 


Valued for our own talent


Francesso del Cossa 1470
Plea to patron to be paid for a commission as making a name for himself,, He will continue to be paid per square foot.


Artist as Entertainers:
Arouse senses and provide experiences that trigger emotions: Perception- How we construct things, Our responses


Michael Craig Martin:
1966 Oak Tree which was a glass of water on a glass shelf. He was interested in the fact that are you an artist or do you just paint art work. Intellectual response.


Art&Crafts Divide:
Craft-skills and processes
Artists are none of the above.
What the purpose of n artist in the modern world finding new ways of doing things, breaking away from the 'old; art


The White Cube Gallery Space
Nothing affects the work
The art work is treated with a lot of space and treated like its religious
In a gallery contest yellow wall would be seen as a statement


Modernism:


Complex and diverse-not straight forward progression from early avant, grade to:
Politicised
Expressive
Formal
The Irrational


Massive amount of different things, End of work also ties in with the Industrial Revolution


Who's views do galleries affect?
Modernism-is mainly movements


A unique individuals, Artists as having access to higher sources of inspiration and talent
The mythology of the artist as having a unique temperamental personality
Artists to be seen as 'others'
Artists seen outside the 'norm' separate away from society. Able to work at society with out keeping in it


Art And Democracy/Commercial:
Art has to be experienced and the shop is where people can experience it that democratic atmosphere.....


Art And Fashion
A skill encrusted with diamonds
Brand names


Artists 'Personalities'
-Psychology
-Social History
The ways in which an Artist is though of.
'Civilizer'-taste maker, dictates good taste. This could be seen as patronising!!
Who's taste? Who's purpose does it serve?
'Border Crosser' Challenges belief systems, engages critically


Lombroso 1836 
Artist more in common with the 'insane' than 'normal' people. Victorian and Romantic notions of the artists they though in a different way, seen and feel something that others cant.


Otto Rank 1932


Rudolf & Margot Wittkower 1963
Worked with the artists and crafts people


Sociologist:


Becker 1982 argues that art work cannot be the product of a sole individuals work and effort.
Today we are influenced by everything surrounding us including our art history. Understanding our influences  of what we already known, but could this creep into copyright laws ect.. as technically its others ideas?


Roger Hiorns:
Collaborations with buildings and scientist for the sulphate flat video he produced. Information by all of these people combined. The work would have excised if it wasn't for the audience.


Author ship:
Manufacturing someone for commission someone insane.
Creative industry practice
Feeling somethings as an artist
Boarder Crosser               the list is endless


The Death of the Author:


The artist is who dictates the meaning
It could be about a negotiated meanings/ collective understanding
The artist does not dictate the meaning


A painting is a text. Not not just an A4 piece of paper. This ties in with semiotics
'The birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Artist'


Role of the Artist:
Produce 'great' works of art that are valuable for their own sake



Sometimes art work is sometimes to hard to talk about, this is because YOU don't understand it


Joost Conijn 2004
Dutch Activist
He is a boarder crosser
provoked outrage, it was a disgrace. He filmed a family and children doing outrageous things on there campsite which the children shouldn't be learning they should be at a school ect.. 
He challenges our conceptions, work is engages with question that are circling today. 
He actually lives in the caravan site which is how he was able to film the family. 

Do artists/creative practitioners have more responsibility than other members of society for addressing social issues? Why? Why not?

I think that sometimes they have a lot of control over the social issues raised. I think that there is a great deal of responsibility as artists as we see art everywhere and artists do things to get a reaction which isn't always a good reaction. I some times think they really don't need to show some of the things they do show/photograph.  Having a member of the audience shocked by something they see along when they are with their child although it gets noticed its for all the wrong reasons should the child see something scary just to make sure it is eye catching? I personally think this is where the issue of responsibility lies..

Wednesday 17th November

Ethical Considerations:


Graphics:

• Subject matter for your client (content)
• Copyright 
• Programs used i.e not illegal from Internet

Fashion:

• Fabrics (Fair trade ect)
• Fur
• Size 0 models
• Child labour
• Leather- animal rights
• Health and safety
• environmental issues

Photography:

• Indecent images
• Indecent images of children
• Airbrushing- digital manipulation
• human rights (what is right to show)
• Recorded/involved, what is the role?
• Ethical issues with you being there
• Paparazzi- intrusion

Fine Art:

• Expected to cross boundaries
• Child exploitation?
• Money
• Cultural and historic issues
• "Truth"

With paparazzi there is a very different law to English law

Child labour: Does it matter that you are condoning it by buying the products? Conditions that they are working in are horrific. Brands... Fabrics...

A cradle to the grave design is when a ides materials from the raw start of the design and what happens when the purpose is finished with, has the product been considered about being recycled at the end of its life span? Does the designer care?

Mark Last used plus sized models for a fashion show-This made from page news in the papers. When designers make the clothes they only make sure it fits the audience they want it to fit which is normally no bigger than a UK size 10. The designers normally don't want big people to fit into there designed clothes. When Mark Last told his workers that they would be making clothes for a runway for the plus sized model some people walked out due to there disgust. 

When they decided to do test on models and tried to enforce the designers only use models with a healthy BMI there was outrage in Milan and globally. They thought this would destroy the fashion world. 

Something Vivien Westwood said about not spending money on clothes for 6months and renewing the clothes they already had.

Nowadays due to chains like Primark its easier to go out and buy more cheap clothes than the actual cost to wash them. This is appalling!!

A gallery put a piece of work on show, this ended the gallery in court. The gallery was in trouble NOT the artist as they gallery set up all the work.. Visitors could press the 'on' button to kill a gold fish swimming in a blender by pressing the 'on' button, several people did, but as the gallery said people could do this it falls down to the gallery. According to the artist its a reflection of what was going on in the world.

Also a dog was tied up a few centimetres away from a bowl of water so couldn't get to the water, the dog died within a few days. The artist was trying to say that no one would normally bat an eyelid if it was a stray dog or a dog that had been hit but people don't want to see it in front of there faces.

www.pandgkills.com

Nestle: Huge outrage over nestle when they announced that substitute breast milk trying exploit the third world countries. 

Joseph Stalin: 1940 Alter recorded history in Russia by removing a male who was in fact executed. Ideas of photographs as 'evidence', factual evidence of events, perhaps this is showing that not necessarily what yo use is what you get. Considered to be documents miss representing something. The clarity of the image looks like its been rephotographed. Quality has changed. 

Thomas Demand:

His images are on a very large scale. Fictitious, fixing-nothing 'real' there is no actual print on any of the papers ect. But the sense looks too perfect as there is no evidence of living. Everything done is made from cardboard. 

The understanding of a photograph is to be stood in front of what you see not a actual construction.

Mariko Mori: Pure Land 1997-8, Representation of Eastern worlds. Futuristic. Not a photograph of reality. Clearly computer generated

In the twp pieces i looked at from Demand and Mori they are both constructed images.

Justin Quinnel: Curious positions, this makes us feel like its been computer generated. However in fact he used pin hole cameras and photographic paper, so in actual fact very old techniques.

Operation Orlan; She didn't manipulate her images she manipulated HERSELF!

She took all the 'beautiful' women and decided which she wanted to have put where. She wanted to physically manipulate herself. UK &Europe surgeons refused to work on her body. Challenging peoples identity, for example we have a name, a face and a set of finger prints. Things like this define us, how we are seen. Orlan changed her name and face, she even tried to get a finger print graphed. Was she chaining everything that gives her an identity? Orlan thinks not.. She thinks that the only thing that defines us as humans is our voice which is why she decided to stay awake through out her operations and was talking. The operations where done with the surgeons waring Paco Rabanne clothing almost like a  performance. She thinks our voice is our identity as everyone sounds different and its how we express ourselves. 

Benetton: Advertising the way in which it attaches to a brand a bad name. Bright coloured clothing.

David Kirky- Cultural, scare mongering, trying to change public views. Photographing a picture of a aids patient- anger of someone taking a picture of someone of there death bed, a small child watching and a male dieing who looks like Jesus- these elements all caused controversy! What this advertises does to a brand... Brand awareness!

ADBUSTERS:

Sterical, promoting images that through provoking challenging advertising. Draws your attention, playing on the brand.

Robert Flaherty 1922- Nanook of the North, early stages of film. Evidence, Scientific. Film to document life, supposed to show how they lived however it was all constructed due to his wife not being pretty enough for TV, so he had 2 younger prettier women. Built a fake igloo as the camera and equipment couldn't fit. Filmed old methods of hunting, not showing a true perspective. Miss representation of what we see.

Drawing and painting was a way of recording everything before photography. Including peoples own interpretation. A walrus was sent back they had no idea what this was as it was so completely different to the drawing sent back, they couldn't believe the size of it. 

OJ Simpson- they made the image look bad by making it black and white, this caused major controversy due to racial groups where as the newspapers reason for doing this was to show a moody look. 

Beyonce was changed by Lloriel to look 'like a white girl' which also caused outrage

National Geography magazine:

There font covers are portrait not landscape although the photograph of the Pyramids was taken landscape so obviously they had to cut the image to fit but the simply squashed the images altogether which made the Pyramids out of proportion. This caused a controversy as this sort of thing should not be happening when they are a trusted magazine to show things for what they really are.

Cleaned up images: They do this to make people look 'perfect' this puts pressure on people to want to look like this, they often make womens breats larger. On an image of Beyonce they have made her breasts larger, made her and the background brighter.

This is called HYPER  REALITY

This is when you make everything made bigger, brighter and better.

What does it make us see?

Is it accepted to be the norm?

Hoax images of Madonna, what is the original images? How are people now conceived?

Kate Winslet: Sued GQ Magazine, they changed the proportions of her legs to her body. Tried to make her look like her but 'better'

Robert Capa: Staged a war scene. Controversies. Wasn't taken where they said it was originally taken. 

Joe Rosenthal, Raising of the American Flag, made the flag bigger, contentions around it. It wasn't actually the first flag there. Heroic image around the American war. The soldiers became like celebrates. Some of the soldiers died but it was covered up as it would cause 'bad press'.

Joel Peter-Witkins: Photographer. He bought dead bodies from poor families to cut up and arrange for him to rephotograph. The Images look Victorian freak show. Huge controversies. 

Jeff Wall- Clear its staged, disbelief. Overlaying images.

Press Release. Controversies: A Legal And Ethical History of Photography

The Musee de l'Elysee

• Photography always seems to cause debates and legal question right through the 19th & 20th Century
• Photography- a symbols of expression, individualism, power&money
• Photography seems to cross between arts, science, politics, fashion, journalism and advertising causing discussion and conflict
• Due to some photographs they have ended up in court
• Controversies can result into a damaged career
• These photographs are from the early days to the present but focusing on legal cases and controversies

The right to photography:

• Laws, attitudes and limits of what is acceptable to take a picture of is dependent on the country and culture. Is this what makes it more interesting, or perhaps we find it more intriguing as I definitely do.
• There are a series of laws which the photographers must work with and these laws are constantly being tested.
• Laws are sometimes pushed outside whereas some laws are being created due to court decisions.
• Photographers can be forbidden even if there work has been published for many years
• It is all based on how you read into the photo

• 1839 Photography was considered to be 'invented'
• People where fighting to get there work noticed 
• Photographs enabled multiple prints, producing reality for you to look at; this would raise many questions as photography was very new

• 1850's a few major cultural issues were dealt with in courts
• They found it very hard to relate photography to the legal system as it didn't really fit into any category
• The law thought illustration was the best way to represent something if you want it to be realistic
• Photographs are interpretation by the reader/ cultural conversations in connection with its creation
• Each person can read something different to the next person- personal moral or philosophical convictions
• Once the techniques changed so did the method of distribution
• Also due to evolution, attitudes and society

The main reasons for photographs to be taken to court is;

• Money
• Politics
• Morality
• Sexuality or the acknowledgement of the artist status

• End 1960's Guy Debord created a book in which he analysis of social relationships which people have taken inspiration from photographs
• The political power of photograph seems to influence our sense of reality
• Conformism and ready made beliefs come from these images which can be seen as dangerous

• Authority can be seen in control over reproduction rights
• Millions of images are being financially exploited 
• Interestingly prices are higher for a photograph that is not protected by copyright where images on which have copyright don't seem to get sold for as much which seems weird

• Why are some images appreciated where as some similar are censored or prosecuted
• Freely sold in some places where as others its prohibited
• How do representation get perceived, interpretations? and the photos association

Beyond Appearances, Christian Pirker

• When opposite sides both add there opinions and views can turn from a discussion into a controversy.
• Conflicts obtain both objective facts and subject elements which can be prejudice from different cultures, groups and beliefs
• If a controversy contains incorrect information or errors of the truth it illustrates as clearly as possible the public interest.
• When comparing public opinion to the court of laws opinion which opinion is correct?
• Which every party wins doesn't mean they are correct, just that they have put a better and stronger argument together. 
• Even when a verdict is said and done and the battle is over, does NOT mean that the debate is over
• When conflict becomes a controversy it indicates attitudes and sources of tensions in a society and that particular moment
• Confronting an images help us to understand the artist or individuals
• Controversies can tell us something about the past although they can show something about the present
• Photographs are fixed and unchangeable whatever period or environment in which its seen in
• Even though many year ago it caused controversy how do we feel about it today and now? Would  there reactions be the same as the reaction they had?
• Some pictures can be grouped together by there values as testimony and perhaps there legal evidence
• Even thought a question many seem minor or trivial but we can now talk about them unbias 
• Every photograph conveys meaning  no matter what field the photograph was taken in (portraits, nudes ect)
• In what interests us is how the meaning is perceived in changing history
• How a photo is judged in a court of law depends on how it is interpreted

Three Case Studies Dealt with in the exhibition and the book

Garry Gross

He photographed a 13 year of child called Brooke Shield making her front page of a photo magazine. Brooke is shown in her naked body, oiled and wearing make-up on her face at the young age of just 10! These where from a series of photographs in which Gross took of young Brooke. Gross then wanted to show the change from a child to a women by photography in which he took images of Brooke. Gross had full rights to the images he took of Brooke as her mother signed a contract. Therefor Brooke naked, ended up in large posters shown on the streets of New York.

Brooke then tried to get the negative back in 1981 in which she couldn't so it then turned into a law suet when Gross had to pay a million dollars although the photos were not returned. Then the battle continued and Gross kept on wining however Shield managed to provisionally stop the photos from being shown.

Gross could then only use the images in a pornographic context but couldn't exploit them freely. After several arguments about the contract Brooke's mother wrote when she was young the layer went for the approach that Gross had violated Brooke's privacy. The images caused her 'distress' and 'embarrassment'.  She then lost again as the courts decided that the photographs weren't sexually suggestive, provocative, pornographic or don't imply sexual promiscuity but show an innocent girl posing in the bath. Even thought Gross won the trial he left with a tarnished reputation and ruined him financially. 

The images where bought from Gross by Richard Prince who became famous by buying the right to the images and making them contemporary art.

Frank Fournier

This photographer simply documented a girl trapped and slowly dying. He did this to try and gain quicker delivery of tools to try and save her, they didn't arrive in time. He photographed her looking exhausted however she was calm and kept her faith. He known he couldn't personally do anything but by publishing these images he though if people act together they might speed the process up.

He had considerable success through publishing these images and won awards for them Fournier was filled with doubt. This was the hard decision of showing the terrible truth behind reality and worry about shocking the public or refuse to take record of these sorts of tragedies?

Fournier found himself landed in a major controversy; could he have helped instead of stood taking pictures? Showing people suffering violating there rights to have their privacy respected? In some peoples opinion it was disgraceful how he photographed it. It shows the vicious circle that the media has got into these days. Photographer seem to think that it is the utmost importance that the public be formed.

Oliviero Toscani

Fashion photographer. Over 8 years he created a strong visual identity for a firm which helped it establish its reputation. Benetton became one of five most famous brand names with many hundreds of stores. He then started to do advertising campaigns with opposites of images and slogans. In this way he created a direct provocative message which conveyed a range of positives values. He moved away from the advertising and onto the clothes, mixing images of a white baby with a black mother. His themes became provocative which started intense controversy that sometimes ended in court. Toscani produced a piece which contained prisoners on death row this ended in great controversy in which Benetton terminated Toscanis' employment.

Creating a controversy between an image and religious culture then prohibited the piece.

Toscani succeeded in taking advertising to the next level and breaking away from the traditional codes in consumerism by the power of images to add social dimension. Taboos where being used for forceful pictures. He provoked debates which are the sign of a successful policy of communication in contemporary society. 

Juraj Lipscher- body shop


Contemporary societies treats the body as an object which can be taken apart and reconstructed. From birth to death the body gets the best attention and care- whether it takes the form of makeup, exercise, cosmetic surgery ect. The body remains to be a big preoccupation for photographers, this is totally absent in Lipschers pictures. The images are of places that the body goes to to be cared for. The cold, disturbed images look strangely common obsession with order. 

Wednesday 10th November lesson (home study)

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/leisure-and-culture/exhibitions/
Links to most local art galleries




Subscribing:
Brit Insurance Design
I subscribed to Brit Insurance Design as I found some pieces of Graphic design I really liked for example the wooden table and chair and I really like items such as those. 


The Pentagram
I have look at some designs on there website, it seems they have a lot of exciting things going on all to do with graphics and there seems to be a lot of things with type.


Victoria and Albert Museum
Decode: Digital Design Series
Troika
I have previously been to the V&A Museum to see a Decode exhibition before and I really enjoyed myself, everything was fun and hands on which I very much enjoyed. After looking at this new Decode exhibition I think I would quite like to go and see it. There are digitally grown plants which seems to intrigue me and an eye which mimics what walkers by do which I am most curious. Troika has complete the 3D logo for the V&A Museum, still using the same original logo but its in a tunnel hence the name 'TUNNEL VISION' and the logo can just about cross over each other as its the same all sides around due to it having lots of parallels and symmetries. I have looked at a sample of there e-news in which I will sign up for as I find that the V&A has some really great exhibitions.


I have looked at the Knowle West Media Centre and I'm really not sure I can find interest in the speeches as I'm not really 100% sure of what they are on about. 


www.TED.com
Miwa Matreyek's glorious visions: From this website I found an artist and a great video, which I ended watching all the way through and I truly enjoyed it. The video was sort of magical and very surreal with parts that seemed very life like. Yes really really enjoyed this video which is why I am going to add it to my blog. 
I started to watch the Patrick Chappatte and his type of humour and cartoons are very clever as he has based them on technology and different puns around that.
I also looked at another video clip by Christien Meindertsma:How pig parts make the world. Although I found this slightly disturbing I actually found it very interesting how she followed a big through it's life to see what ingredient this certain big went into.


Art and Ecology: Madeleince Bunting,
(her pole)
As an artist, are you aware of the impact your own practice has on the environment?

 Yes, and I consider that when choosing processes and materials.

 Yes, but it's better to think of the art first, and the materials and processes second.

 No, it's not a consideration when I make my art.

After watching the RSA Animation- Changing Education Paradigms:

I thought it was brilliant! The way the animation worked alongside what he was talking about was genius!! Also I though it made me really connect with what he was talking about as he was writing and drawing and explaining it all at the same time, almost like a story board so I managed to get a real understanding of the education system just by a few illustration to keep me watching it. BRILLIANT !

I frequently look on the Arnolfini website and am already apart of there online notification. I am now waiting for the next exhibition as I have visited the current one twice. 

I am also a member at the Bristol Creatives

10th November Interesting Links

http://www.ted.com/talks/miwa_matreyek_s_glorious_visions.html


http://comment.rsablogs.org.uk/videos/

Arnolfini Visit

Exhibitions: Fun With Software, Coal Fired Computers & Tantalum Memorials and Status Project


This was my first ever visit into the Arnolfini, so it was all a very new experience for me. I had previously heard bad comments about the exhibitions, so this made me slightly obtamistic. 


So I felt some of the exhibitions where slightly strange as they seemed to be odd things going on such as the lungs attached to the computer. However in between each piece of work was vast white space, I'm really not sure I like that as I personally find it off putting. 


At first glance I didn't really like the look of the exhibitions, however once I was able to read about them and to really play and enjoy myself with the exhibition it seemed to be a much more enjoyable and fun experience than I had ever imagined. 


The Status Project seemed to be a little strange which is why I don't feel I like this exhibition as much as I liked the Software one. I think this was because it was very technical and lines where exact where as to me it seemed very confusing.

Exhibitions I will visit between now and christmas:

1. Arnolfini:

• Fun With Software
• Coal Fired Computers & Tantalum Memorial
• Statue Project
• Saturday 25th September- Sunday 21st November
• 11am-6pm

2. Camera works: 

• Photography exhibition by Michael Reeves
• Saturday 20th- Wednesday 1st December
• At The Photo Gallery, 31 Baldwin Street, Bristol, BS1 1RG
• Open 10am-6pm, Saturdays 11am-5pm

3. Avonmouth to the Amazon 

• Paintworks
• Contemporary photography exhibition by Barry Cawston
• Saturday 13th- Sunday 21st November
• 11am- 7pm daily

4. 158 Autumn Exhibition

• The Royal West of England Academy
• 26 October- 12 December 2010
• 10am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, Sunday 2pm-5pm
• £4 Admission

Notes From November 3rd

Photography

• The art or process of producing images of objects on photosensitive paper such as rayograms
• Could be seen as visual noise
• Visual power- photography which can change and shape opinion
• Photography can sell, could be branding 
• Nick Knight - takes beautiful pictures of disabled people, he also takes photographs and slightly digitalises them on the computer
• Andy Rouse has an activist's role. Really enjoys taking images of wild life
• Crime Scene photography is like documenting what has happened and some what used as evidence
• Brittany Lovelace- photographs food making it look seductive like you would see in a recipe book. Almost like selling the life style?
• Mirrored surfaces and glass images where produced in the 50's
• 1950-1960 enormous changes in technology made it easier to keep the photograph PERMANENT!
• Photograph can document something or evidence
• Nicephore Niepce started photography engravings made by light and emulsion, he could make the image but not fix it for any long period of time
• 1826 was the year of the first FIXED image, chemistry style chemicals being used to try and fix it- documentary
• 1826 was the first photographic image produced.
• Photography was mainly  focused in the UK and France
• Daguerre 1838/9, was the first photograph including a person stood in it. The exposure was held for about 3-4minets. 
• William Henry Fox Talbot used negative space such as a photogram
• Artist went necessarily connected to photography it was firstly the scientists
• Gustave Le Gray 1820-22 was the first to manipulate two images as the sky was a separate image to the water/sea. They where both done by different exposures. He wanted to produce an image that was pleasing to the eye
• Roger Fenton 1855- He was sent to document to the public how the troops were treated. However due to large equipment the only imagery he could capture were dull as he was unable to get himself to the front line
• Valley of The Shadow of Death photograph became famous many year after it was taken with influence of a song and then the image
• Photography can record entertainment 
• William Carrick 1859 Normally documented working class stood in a studio, which perhaps he had to compromise between getting the 'normal everyday worker' in the environment in which the task normally takes place perhaps that was too difficult
• 1852 Switzerland, trying to keep people all in the same place so if they ran off a photograph of them would make it clear who they where, this is the first type of a mug shot to identify who you where. Fixed reality 
• Commanders in their coffins, Unknown artist: This could show great sense of victory if they where the opposition, perhaps we would feel sad if it was our troops or a sense of pride as they lives enabled our own
• A head shot tell us something about someone, facial expressions and motions
• John Lamprey- Trying to create and image for how a race 'should' look. Very much like a mug shot: front on and side on, also with a grid like background, (Scientist)
• Kusakabe Kimbei 1880, oriental women, looking very suggestive and exotic. 
• Pictorial- photography could only be accepted if it was slightly fuzzy in the art world  whereas photography was very precise precision
• Many photographs where changed from paintings staged into photographs
• Annie Brigman 1910 serialism female photographer power of nature, taking photographs of women in natural situations, as if they are connecting to the earth, also considered to be maternal
• What's understood as indecent imagery of children?
• Nan Goldin- took photography of her friends and family. Her friends and photographs included Prostitution, drug addicts ect. The photograph including two of her friends children playing with a view of a child's privates, would this image been ok in a photo album at home?? This image caused huge controvacy and raised many questions
• Larry Rivers photographed and filmed his children growing up, now his films are in exhibitions he is undermining his daughter and she feels it violation
• Lartigue, weren't conventional, they where amusing images, the family had wealth as you could tell. Photographs taken by a small child, there not like standard photographs as they aren't like a portrait or a landscape and people are off the edges of the photo which didn't normally happen
• Edward Weston- Light and shadow, classic values on a 2d image 
• Capturing something in a moment or capturing reality permanent record of reality.
• Document a social life.
• Jacob Riis 1888 theory 'Where you live is reflected in your social life'. Documentary of social poverty backstreet alleys- unrealistic as people where given very staged instructions demonstrating how people lived however it wasn't really doing this. 
• Gender, children and women are always portrayed different to males. 
• Dorothy Lange 1936 Farm Security Administration 1930's era of the great depression. These where done to have empathy and understanding of other people. The photographers had very specific roles. Carefully selecting the correct photographs to really touch peoples hearts
• The Iraq war images of cruelty of prisoners, caused World wide disgrace! A shift of peoples opinions, Globally shocked.
• Edward Muybridge motion through photography, he became almost a celebrity in the science world, he captured questions such as do horses run with all four of the ground and he was able to find information out. Being able to move film, capturing motion in a flat image
• Weegee- first celebrity photographer, always on scene and always the first person to the scene of a crime ect. He was able to expose what was going on via the press. He would also capturing things as soon as the story was unfolding. Early paparazzi
• El Lissitsley using photography and collage
• Collage 1919 seems to be now a nice simple easy task then it was a great sense of artwork not attempted by the average person. Radical and acceptable in the art world
• 1924 film was to have 24 frames per second.
• Photo books produced with no type in 1972
• 1960's never seen a baby scan, they only knew that it was a baby only seen on the birth date and not really seen as a person until birth date. However scan came in 1960 and this was a revolution and the baby was now seen to be real as you could see the baby and seen to be its own individual.
• Kevin Calder, the image of the little African child photographed by a vulture, and the way she is shaped it really is like a comparison.